Türkiye’s greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) were 228.9 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990 and 584.5 Mt CO2 eq. in 2024. The Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report also records LULUCF as a net sink in every listed year, with emissions and removals of -67.1 Mt CO2 eq. in 2024.
Contents
- Headline trend
- Milestone years
- Energy-sector emissions
- Industrial processes and product use
- Agriculture and waste
- LULUCF emissions and removals
Headline trend
The headline series covers Türkiye’s total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF. These figures are reported in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2 eq.), so they combine greenhouse gases using a common carbon-dioxide-equivalent measure. The series does not include the separate LULUCF figures shown later.
The Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report gives the following totals:
- 1990: 228.9 Mt CO2 eq.
- 1995: 257.4 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2000: 307.5 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2005: 345.8 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2010: 406.4 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2015: 483.9 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2020: 534.0 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2021: 575.3 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2022: 561.3 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2023: 555.2 Mt CO2 eq.
- 2024: 584.5 Mt CO2 eq.
The listed total rises across the long-term checkpoints from 1990 to 2020. It then increases from 534.0 Mt in 2020 to 575.3 Mt in 2021, declines to 561.3 Mt in 2022 and 555.2 Mt in 2023, and reaches 584.5 Mt in 2024. The year-to-year movement therefore is not a straight line, even though the selected long-term checkpoints show a higher total in each later period than in 1990.
Milestone years
The five-year checkpoints through 2015, followed by annual observations from 2020 to 2024, make it possible to compare the earlier trajectory with the latest reported years. The table keeps the geography, scope, unit, and source consistent: all rows refer to Türkiye, exclude LULUCF, and are measured in Mt CO2 eq. according to the Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report.
| Year | Total emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2 eq.) |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 228.9 |
| 1995 | 257.4 |
| 2000 | 307.5 |
| 2005 | 345.8 |
| 2010 | 406.4 |
| 2015 | 483.9 |
| 2020 | 534.0 |
| 2021 | 575.3 |
| 2022 | 561.3 |
| 2023 | 555.2 |
| 2024 | 584.5 |
The reported 2024 total is higher than the 2020 total in this series, while the 2022 and 2023 figures are lower than 2021. Those comparisons describe the reported levels; they do not identify the causes of the changes. The inventory figures also do not supply a forecast in the material presented here, so all values in this article should be read as reported inventory-year observations rather than projections.
Energy-sector emissions
Energy is the largest listed sector in every checkpoint. In the Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report, energy-sector greenhouse gas emissions were 143.7 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990, 170.3 Mt in 1995, 220.2 Mt in 2000, 247.8 Mt in 2005, 290.8 Mt in 2010, and 346.5 Mt in 2015.
The later reported years are 372.0 Mt CO2 eq. in 2020, 408.3 Mt in 2021, 401.9 Mt in 2022, 397.8 Mt in 2023, and 419.9 Mt in 2024. The energy series therefore follows the same broad pattern as the headline total in the latest observations: a rise from 2020 to 2021, lower reported values in 2022 and 2023, and a higher value in 2024.
| Year | Energy-sector emissions (Mt CO2 eq.) |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 143.7 |
| 2000 | 220.2 |
| 2010 | 290.8 |
| 2020 | 372.0 |
| 2024 | 419.9 |
The selected comparison points show energy-sector emissions at 143.7 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990 and 419.9 Mt in 2024. For context within the reported sequence, the sector was 346.5 Mt in 2015 and 372.0 Mt in 2020. These are sector totals, not a breakdown by fuel, technology, or subsector; the supplied inventory figures do not provide those additional categories.
Industrial processes and product use
Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) emissions were 23.1 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990, according to the Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report. The series then records 25.9 Mt in 1995, 26.6 Mt in 2000, 34.7 Mt in 2005, 49.7 Mt in 2010, and 60.4 Mt in 2015.
For the annual observations from 2020 through 2024, IPPU emissions were 68.9 Mt CO2 eq. in 2020, 76.5 Mt in 2021, 72.3 Mt in 2022, 70.7 Mt in 2023, and 75.7 Mt in 2024. As with the total and energy series, the latest sequence includes a peak among the listed years in 2021, lower values in 2022 and 2023, and a higher value in 2024.
The IPPU figures provide a distinct sectoral series rather than an explanation of industrial activity. They show the reported size and timing of emissions in this inventory category, while the supplied material does not identify individual industrial products, processes, gases, or drivers behind each change. Keeping that limitation in view helps avoid treating a sector total as a causal analysis.
Agriculture and waste
Agriculture-sector greenhouse gas emissions were 51.8 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990. The Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report lists 49.0 Mt in 1995, 46.0 Mt in 2000, 46.3 Mt in 2005, 47.7 Mt in 2010, and 59.2 Mt in 2015.
The later agriculture observations are 76.4 Mt CO2 eq. in 2020, 75.4 Mt in 2021, 71.5 Mt in 2022, 71.8 Mt in 2023, and 73.5 Mt in 2024. The 2024 agriculture value is above the 2023 value but below the 2020 and 2021 values listed in the same report.
Waste-sector emissions were 10.3 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990 and 12.1 Mt in 1995. The report records 14.6 Mt in 2000, 17.0 Mt in 2005, 18.2 Mt in 2010, and 17.9 Mt in 2015. The annual observations then show 16.6 Mt in 2020, 15.1 Mt in 2021, 15.6 Mt in 2022, 14.9 Mt in 2023, and 15.4 Mt in 2024.
| Sector and year | Reported emissions (Mt CO2 eq.) |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, 1990 | 51.8 |
| Agriculture, 2024 | 73.5 |
| Waste, 1990 | 10.3 |
| Waste, 2024 | 15.4 |
These two series are reported separately. Agriculture is higher in 2024 than in 1990 within the supplied observations, while waste is also higher in 2024 than in 1990 but remains below its listed 2010 value of 18.2 Mt. The figures support comparisons of reported sector levels and years; they do not provide a quantified split within agriculture or waste.
LULUCF emissions and removals
LULUCF is presented separately from the headline totals excluding LULUCF. Every listed LULUCF value is negative, and the Türkiye NDC 2026 inventory report identifies each as indicating a net sink. The reported values are -66.4 Mt CO2 eq. in 1990, -67.9 Mt in 1995, -68.2 Mt in 2000, -72.2 Mt in 2005, -72.1 Mt in 2010, and -73.0 Mt in 2015.
The later LULUCF observations are -57.7 Mt CO2 eq. in 2020, -48.0 Mt in 2021, -56.3 Mt in 2022, -69.2 Mt in 2023, and -67.1 Mt in 2024. The negative sign is important: in the report’s presentation, these values indicate net removals rather than positive net emissions. The magnitude of the listed sink is smaller in 2024 than in 2015, while the 2021 value is the least negative observation in the 2020–2024 sequence.
| Year | LULUCF emissions and removals (Mt CO2 eq.) | Reported interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | -66.4 | Net sink |
| 2005 | -72.2 | Net sink |
| 2015 | -73.0 | Net sink |
| 2020 | -57.7 | Net sink |
| 2021 | -48.0 | Net sink |
| 2024 | -67.1 | Net sink |
Because the headline series is explicitly reported excluding LULUCF, it should not be read as the same measure as a total that includes land-use emissions and removals. The source presents both concepts, but the figures supplied here do not provide a separate all-sectors-with-LULUCF total. The clearest reading is therefore to keep the non-LULUCF inventory and the LULUCF sink series distinct when comparing years or sectors.